We are interested in how antibody glycosylation, production, half-life, isotype-switching, and activity are regulated during microbial infection. Dissecting the regulatory mechanisms from microbes and host guides us to develop promising vaccine and antibody therapy. We are also developing the antibody-based intervention that not only provides antibody-mediated protection but also sensitizes bacteria to antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance is the global issue, so it is of course important to understand how it emerged.